Alcohol use and Dependence
Alkanols or alcohols are the compounds which may be considered as hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen atom o hydrocarbon (saturated or unsaturated) by hydroxyl groups. They may also be regarded as alkyl derivatives of water. The hydroxyl group in alcohols is attached to a carbon atom whose other valencies are satisfied by hydrogen or other carbon atoms and not by any other group or atom. The alcohols are classified according to the number of hydroxyl group present. Thus, alcohols containing one, two, three, or more hydroxyl groups are known as mono, di, tri, or polyhydric alcohols respectively.
I like to share this What is Sugar Alcohol with you all through my article.
Various types of alcohol uses and dependence:
The various types of alcohol use and dependence as follows
Fermentation processes and Alcohol Industry
Fermentation is the earliest and most important method for the industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic drinks. There are many other examples of fermentation process which we come across in our daily life; souring of milk or curd, putrefaction of meat or food, preparation of vinegar or wine etc., are all fermentation processes.
Alcohol Industry or manufacture of ethanol by fermentation
It is usually manufactured by the fermentation of sugars such as sucrose (cane sugar) and glucose, in the presence of yeast (ferment). In alcohol industry, the sugars for fermentation are obtained either from fruit juices or molasses. Alternatively sugars may be obtained by the hydrolysis of starchy materials like potatoes, barely and maize or by the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials such as saw dust.
Various others by products of Alcohols
The by-products of alcoholic fermentation used in alcohol industry for the manufacture of ethanol gives a number of other useful compounds. Some of these are given below:
Carbon dioxide: Large quantities of CO2 are evolved during the fermentation. It is liquefied and solidified. The solid CO2 is known as dry ice and is used as refrigerant.
Argol or tartar or potassium hydrogen tartarate: it is obtained during the fermentation of fruit juice such as grape juice in the form of brown solid substance. It is used in the manufacture of tartaric acid and Rochelle salt.
Fusel Oil: The final running’s of the wash distillation gives a mixture of alcohols known as fusel oil. These alcohols may be separated and used as solvents.
Spent wash: it is the liquid left after the distillation of alcohol from the wash. It contain all the nutritive ingredients of the starting material e.g., proteins, fats etc., and can be used as the cattle feed.
Methylated spirit or Denatured spirit: Ethyl alcohol in the form of alcoholic beverages is extensively used for drinking. Therefore the manufacture and sale of ethyl alcohol is controlled by the governments all over the world.
Power alcohols: ethyl alcohol used for the purpose of power generation in internal combustion engine is known as power alcohol. In the present days of scarcity of petrol and petroleum products, power alcohol can be used as a substitute for petrol. It can also be used as a substitute for pure petrol.
Alcoholic drinks and beverages: Large quantities of ethyl alcohol are consumed in the form of beverages or liquors throughout the world because when taken internally it stimulates the human systems. It is apparently harmless when taken in small quantity but its continuous use results in addiction and cirrhosis of liver.
Having problem with cbse class 12 chemistry question paper 2011 keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Other important factors of Alcohol uses and dependence:
The important alcohol use and dependence as follows
Alcohols are used in the preparation of a large number of organic compounds like ether, acetaldehyde, chloroform, iodoform, chloral, acetic acid etc. these are the some of the alcohol use and dependence in the various biological fields.
I like to share this What is Sugar Alcohol with you all through my article.
Various types of alcohol uses and dependence:
The various types of alcohol use and dependence as follows
Fermentation processes and Alcohol Industry
Fermentation is the earliest and most important method for the industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic drinks. There are many other examples of fermentation process which we come across in our daily life; souring of milk or curd, putrefaction of meat or food, preparation of vinegar or wine etc., are all fermentation processes.
Alcohol Industry or manufacture of ethanol by fermentation
It is usually manufactured by the fermentation of sugars such as sucrose (cane sugar) and glucose, in the presence of yeast (ferment). In alcohol industry, the sugars for fermentation are obtained either from fruit juices or molasses. Alternatively sugars may be obtained by the hydrolysis of starchy materials like potatoes, barely and maize or by the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials such as saw dust.
Various others by products of Alcohols
The by-products of alcoholic fermentation used in alcohol industry for the manufacture of ethanol gives a number of other useful compounds. Some of these are given below:
Carbon dioxide: Large quantities of CO2 are evolved during the fermentation. It is liquefied and solidified. The solid CO2 is known as dry ice and is used as refrigerant.
Argol or tartar or potassium hydrogen tartarate: it is obtained during the fermentation of fruit juice such as grape juice in the form of brown solid substance. It is used in the manufacture of tartaric acid and Rochelle salt.
Fusel Oil: The final running’s of the wash distillation gives a mixture of alcohols known as fusel oil. These alcohols may be separated and used as solvents.
Spent wash: it is the liquid left after the distillation of alcohol from the wash. It contain all the nutritive ingredients of the starting material e.g., proteins, fats etc., and can be used as the cattle feed.
Methylated spirit or Denatured spirit: Ethyl alcohol in the form of alcoholic beverages is extensively used for drinking. Therefore the manufacture and sale of ethyl alcohol is controlled by the governments all over the world.
Power alcohols: ethyl alcohol used for the purpose of power generation in internal combustion engine is known as power alcohol. In the present days of scarcity of petrol and petroleum products, power alcohol can be used as a substitute for petrol. It can also be used as a substitute for pure petrol.
Alcoholic drinks and beverages: Large quantities of ethyl alcohol are consumed in the form of beverages or liquors throughout the world because when taken internally it stimulates the human systems. It is apparently harmless when taken in small quantity but its continuous use results in addiction and cirrhosis of liver.
Having problem with cbse class 12 chemistry question paper 2011 keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Other important factors of Alcohol uses and dependence:
The important alcohol use and dependence as follows
- Alcohols are extensively used in the scientific apparatus like ‘spirit levels’.
- Alcohols are also used as a solvent for paints, drugs, oils, perfumes, dyes, varnishes, gums, etc.
- Alcohols are used as a solvent for pharmaceutical preparation and a constituent of medicines.
- As a preservatives for biological specimens.
- As an antifreeze for automobile radiators.
- As a fuel in spirit lamps and stoves.
Alcohols are used in the preparation of a large number of organic compounds like ether, acetaldehyde, chloroform, iodoform, chloral, acetic acid etc. these are the some of the alcohol use and dependence in the various biological fields.